Week 1 – Milking The Project For Everything It Has

Greetings from the third floor of Brockman Hall for Physics, at Rice University. I am working in the lab run by Jason Hafner and coincidentally titled the Hafner Lab.

It is a lab that is a cross between physics and chemistry research, the later being a topic I am wildly unfamiliar for. Most of their research involves gold nanorods for various real world applications.

But I am not here to talk about gold nanorods. I am here to talk about milk. The dairy product that many of us consume well past baby status in various forms. Now I am not using actual milk straight from a cow or a bottle, but creating it with a powdered milk supplement. A company that I am not sure I can name has requested specific research to be implemented with this powdered milk that only Dr. Hafner is aware of with my current tasks on a need to know basis.

However, after getting the initial measurements done, I found myself without Dr. Hafner as he was on a week long family vacation in Europe, so most of my week has been various tiny experiments with the powdered milk, for data gathering sake.

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Measuring out small samples of milk, with Pyridine!

The main crux of this research has been looking at the powdered milk mixed with various amounts of Pyridine (a smelly chemical) and looking at the results with a Raman scattering laser. The two types of scattering that are rare are the Stokes and Anti-Stokes changes in a chemical, so it is important to look at results that are scanned over a period of time and not just a quick measurement. Some compounds need to be scanned for a long time in order to get decent measurements, but powdered milk and Pyridine thankfully don’t need to be in the machine as long.

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Mixtures placed inside the device and recorded on a nearby computer.

Here are the various experiments I have run so far:

1) Determining how different the results looked for mixtures based on different amounts of Pyridine. Tested values were 5% pyridine by volume, 10%, 15% and 20%. The data was scanned for 5 minutes.

2) Our biggest values were with the 20%, so we wanted to see if we would get higher saturated values if it was in the laser longer. We tested 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 20 minutes.

3) We started to get errors with the milk settling, so experiments were redone and are earlier results were much higher than anything we could recreate, which will lead to further experiments.

4) We also wondered how long does it take to settle, so data was taken every 10 minutes on a 5 minute scan, from a 20% by volume sample, to see how the graph changes over time. This experiment was done over six hours and the data has not been analyzed yet.

I know what you are thinking, every 10 minutes over six hours? It was mostly a passive experience, requiring a button click every 10 minutes, but the lab is set up with state of the art beds to allow a more relaxing experience.

Oh and finally, Dr. Hafner is a big cheerleader when it comes to using 3D Printing, for practical lab experiences. It is my hope that I somehow will get to use the machine over the summer as a necessary part of my research, of which the goals are still a bit up in the air. But here is a bonus picture of me, because I love you all.

Meee

Glows and Grows from Life in the Lab

A few glows for this week:

  1. I got to observe how to use the flow coater this week, so that was learning a new technique.
  2. I am excited that this week I was able to chat with my mentor and get somewhat better of an idea of what I will be doing for my project (see below)
  3. I have become an ellipsometry queen. I can now do it without even looking at the protocol I wrote down

A few grows for this week:

  1. I need more practice on the flow coater. I got to work on it only for a few minutes, but it will be instrumental that I understand how to use it properly in order to complete my project.
  2. I have been wracking my brain trying to figure out a lesson plan around all this. I’ve been able to brainstorm a bit, but am having a little bit of a hard time.
  3. Even though I have learned to use the ellipsometer well, I have yet to learn what some of the acronyms are on here, and desire to look it up or ask my mentor so I can fully understand.

More about my project:

We are only in the beginning stages characterizing a thin film polymer called “bottlebrush polymer” (synthesized by my mentor) for use in an anti-fouling membrane. Essentially the goal of the project my project will be to test the efficiency of crosslinkage for bottlebrush polymers. To begin that, first I will cast (or coat) the already synthesized “bottlebrush polymers” via use of a machine called the “flow coater” which is able to lay a very thin sheet of the polymer to a silica substrate slide. (Silica is used because joined with the polymer coat, the it makes distinct colors which gives a rough estimation of what the thickness of the sample is before using a more accurate way to test). The desired thickness of the coat of the polymer film can be determined by the velocity set on the flow coater. Next an ellipsometer is used to test the actual thickness of the samples more accurately. The ellipsometer characterizes the thickness of sample (The machine can also be used to characterize thin films in many different ways) .  Then the samples will be washed (I’m not sure what with yet lol) for a set amount of time and then the thickness measured again. If the polymer has been optimally crosslinked, then the difference in the starting and ending thickness  theoretically should be 0. But since this is reality and its really hard to reach the optimal, the lower the difference between the the starting and ending thickness after the washing, the better crosslinked the bottlebrush polymer films are. This is important for when the anti-fouling membrane would be in contact with water so that it will not get washed away.

This at least is my understanding of what is going on…I will update you guys as I learn more or if anything changes.

This week I have still been working on testing the thickness of slides for my mentor but I am hopeful that at least by next week I can get started on my project so that I do not run out of time.

 Me in front of the ellipsometer

 (flow coater)

(elliposometer–it’s hard to get a good picture of this thing, I will try again later). The red screen is because there is risk of visible or invisible laser radiation. My guess is that it absorbs some of the laser.

Thanks for reading. I hope this week has been a great one for all of you!

 

 

 

 

A week with FoMD

Dear Diary,

Last week I met the dreamiest lab setup.  It has two pumps, two flow-meters, a hot AND a cold bath, and tubes in all the right places.  It’s enough to make any budding young engineer swoon.  I got to spend a whole week with this lab setup and it prefers to go by Fouling of Membrane Distillation (FoMD).  It took me some time to get to know the intricacies of FoMD but I’ve enjoyed every minute of it.  Looking at the picture that FoMD posed for me we can see that the right side has a container in styrofoam; this is the hot and salty side of FoMD.  The water on the right gets pulled through a pump and into the top part of the membrane cell.  The water then goes to a flow-meter and back to the hot and salty container.  The left side of FoMD is cool and clean.  The water from the large container gets pulled through a pump, goes through the bottom of the membrane cell, through a flow-meter, and back to the cool and clean container.  The middle picture shows the inside of the cell with the top portion on the left and the bottom on the right; the right picture shows the heart of FoMD – err, the membrane, within the cell.  The membrane is a hydrophobic (but Chayphilic) plastic that is a quarter of a millimeter thick and full of pores that are 0.45 nm diameter.  The water from the hot, salty side of FoMD evaporates through these pores making FoMD gradually become full of cool, clean water.  This also means that the salty side of FoMD becomes even more saltier or more concentrated throughout the day – MEOW!

 

 

The objective of spending all my time with FoMD is to determine at what concentration of salt to water will the membrane lose effectiveness.  FoMD should be losing its effectiveness around 3x concentration, meaning it is three times saltier than when it started and three times more to my liking.  However, FoMD’s builder has been out of town all week and, Diary, you know how wild experiments are when their builders are gone.  FoMD has certainly been crazy: producing erratic data, finding new locations to leak through, not keeping a constant flux, and providing a lot of membranes with holes in them.  I know they say to like an experiment for its qualities, love an experiment for its flaws but, Diary, I am not looking for a fix-up project.

That’s about it.  Until next week, Diary. – Chay

My first week Update! :)

Hello Everyone!

I’m really excited to be back in the lab research setting and it is definitely awesome to be privileged to work with a great staff here at UTEP under Dr. Noveron.  We had our first conference meeting where we (NEWT staff and colleagues) presented a brief abstract consisting of an overview of our research projects and to learn a little bit about what everyone else is doing in the lab.

Following up on the plan, Dr. Noveron sat with me to explain his vision for my research by working with Luis Barrera, my mentor and doctorate student.

Currently, I am working on a modified version of Luis’ research in which we use cotton fabric to attach titanium dioxide and carbonize it to produce graphite (graphene sheets).  This will ultimately be used as a water filter to sanitize and purify water to a “food grade” quality.

This week I was able to coat some cotton sheets with titanium dioxide by curing them under high heat. I then cut the sheet into strips to fit it into a ceramic boat to place into a furnace running with argon. I was excited that our carbonization technique worked (after a few stumbling blocks)!

              

 

I separated the sheets and added methyl orange to one of our strips.  We ran a series of samples under UV light to test whether the dye would bind to the graphite.

 

Today, I have some visual positive results!  I can see that the concentration of methyl orange has decreased over time and that is a GOOD SIGN!! Yay!!

The next step is to take the concentrations of each sample which I’m hoping we can get done today.  We will analyze our data and figure out our next steps accordingly.

I look forward to reading more about everyone’s research 🙂

Week One Down!

Hello fellow NEWT interns and staff!

 

Week 1 is done and within that very short amount of time, I feel that I’ve already learned a lot about the field of material science. The most interesting concept I have learned about was the process of chemical “doping”.  This is the process by which one takes an already utilized compound, in my case, it is Boron Nitride, and you manipulate it by allosterically binding new elements to it. With these newly introduced elements, we will be introducing new properties for the compound. Awesome right?

 

The element I am using to “dope” the Boron Nitride is Fluorine, and the end product being made is called Fluorinated Boron Nitride (FBN). I have already prepared several samples of FBN and tomorrow we plan to test them and see how pure the samples actually are.

 

That is where I am currently. I look forward to reading everyone else’s posts. Below are some pictures from week 1!

 

3 mL Nafion Sample of FBN pre-centrifuge

1 mL Nafion sample of FBN post-centrifuge

#doyouevenscience

 

Welcome to NEWT RET – Summer 2017!

Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT) is applying nanotechnology to develop transformative and off-grid water treatment systems that both protect human lives and support sustainable economic development. NEWT is an interdisciplinary, multi-institution nanosystems-engineering research center (headquartered at Rice University) whose goal is to facilitate access to clean water almost anywhere in the world by developing efficient modular water treatment systems that are easy to deploy, and that can tap unconventional sources to provide humanitarian water or emergency response. NEWT also develops systems to treat and reuse challenging industrial wastewaters in remote locations, such as oil and gas fields to help energy production be more sustainable and more cost-efficient in regards to its water footprint.

This year NEWT is host 9 Research Experience for Teachers (RET) interns at our partner institutions (RICE, ASU, and UTEP). The goals of the program is for K-12 teachers to engage in current research NEWT research, develop project-based learning (PBL) lessons plans with an emphasis on the engineering design process, and to widely disseminate their research experience and lesson plans.

NEWT interns will share their research experiences over the course of 6-weeks throughout this Blog.

Happy Blogging

-Christina

Rice University, Arizona State University, & University of Texas – El Paso